api testing

API testing

Application program interface (API) testing is a one of the software testing to verify if it fulfils its expected functionality, security, performance and reliability. APIs are tested directly as an API or on top of application interfaces which gets test as part of testing integrations.

Two software programs communicate with each other via the APIs. The way with which an application requests services from other applications or from the operating system is specified in the API code. Applications generally have three layers: a data layer, a service [API] layer and a presentation [user interface (UI)] layer.


API testing focuses on analyzing the business logic as well as the security of the application and data responses. API requests are made to one or more API endpoints then the responses are compared with respect to the expected results.
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How to approach API testing

Scope defining is the very first phase with which API testing process begins which involves a complete understanding of the functioning of the API, the following information is collected as part of this process:

An API testing process should begin with a well-defined scope of the objective of the program which also requires a full knowledge of the API’s desired functionality. Some questions that testers should consider include:

•  List of endpoints to be tested.
•  Expected successful requests response codes.
•  Expected unsuccessful requests response codes.
•  For unsuccessful request s expected error message which appears in the body of the API.

After collecting these informations as part of the scope understanding, various testing techniques are applied by the testers which are captured in test cases. The objective of the test cases is coverage of all API endpoints and to check all conditions with all possible variables to check all test cases are working as expected. Once the test cases are reviewed test cases execution is carried out with capturing actual vs. expected results.

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The test should analyze responses that include:

 •  Reply time
 •  Data quality
 •  Confirmation of authorization
 •  HTTP status code
 •  Error codes.

Web services, databases or web user interfaces endpoints can be analyzed using API testing . Failures due to unexpected inputs are captured by testers. Response time is checked against acceptable threshold as defined in the non-functional requirements. Security aspects of the API is also verified which should save potential attacks.

Affecting the application in adversely is avoided with careful measures while testing by taking care the boundary values. Hence the expected scenarios along with all integration points are verified.

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Types of API tests

  • Validation testing.
  • Functional testing.
  • Load testing.
  • Reliability testing.
  • Security testing.
  • Penetration testing.
  • Fuzz testing.

API testing tools

  • SoapUI.
  • Apache Jmeter.
  • Apigee.
  • REST Assured.
  • Swagger UI.
  • Postman.
  • Katalon.

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